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It所构成的20个句型详解

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  根据it的用法特点可归纳为20个句型。
  1. It is + 被强调部分 + that …
  该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语 或状语。强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。
  It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
  It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday.
  It was in the street that I met her father.
  2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that …
  该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语“直到…才…”,可以说是 not … until … 的强调形式。
  It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
  = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
  = I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
  3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain…) that ……
  该句型中it 是形式主语,真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句,常译为“清楚(显然,真的,肯定…)” 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
  It is very clear that he's round and tall like a tree.
  = That he's round and tall like a tree is very clear.
  4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural…) that …
  该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同,that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。
  It is important that we (should) learn English well.
  It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.
  5. It is said (reported, learned…) that …
  该句型中的it 仍是形式主语,真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说(据报道,据悉…)”。
  It is said that he has come to Beijing.
  It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
  6. It is suggested ( ordered … ) that …
  该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时,that 后的从句要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省。常译为“据建议;有命令…)
  It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.
  It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.
  7. It is a pity ( a shame … ) that …
  该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should可省去。表示出乎意料,常译为”竟然“。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。
  It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾!
  It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了,真遗憾!
  8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that …
  该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟。② 有时也用should + 动词原形,should 不能省。常译为”是(正是)…的时侯…“。
  It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed.
  9. It is the first ( second … ) time that …
  该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态,由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去;it有时用 this 替换。常译为”是第一(二)…次…“。
  It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.
  10. It is … since …
  该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时,又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时或完成时,since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。
  It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.
  11. It is … when …
  该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句,主句中的 it 指时间,表语由具体的时间充当。常译为”当…的时候,是…“。
  It was 5 o'clock when he came here.
  12. It be … before …
  该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态。主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为”…之后…“。
  It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.
  It will be not long before he finishes his job.
  13. It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that…
  该句型中it是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句,主句中的happen , seem等词是不及物动词。
  It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧
  It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来…
  14. It takes sb. … to do sth.
  该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为”做…要花费某人…“。
  It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
  15. It is no good (use ) doing sth.
  该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。
  It is no good learning English without speaking English.
  16. It doesn't matter whether ( if ) …
  该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语,该句型常译为 ”不论(是否)…没关系…
  It doesn't matter if they are old.
  17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.
  该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有:
  bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good (好心的), honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice(有教养的), polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong(错误的)等。 这个句型可以改写为:sb. is kind to do sth.
  It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.
  18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.
  该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有:① important, necessary, natural ② easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等。
  在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写, 如:
  It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party
  19. It looks ( seems ) as if …
  该句型中it无意义。 as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为,“看起来好象…”如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气。
  It looks as if he is ill.(真的病了)
  It looks as if he were ill. (没有生病)
  It seemed as if he were dying.
  20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.
  该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构”。6指主句中常用的动词:think, believe, make, find, consider, feel;1指的是形式宾语it; 2指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名词;3指的是真正宾语的三种形式:不定式短语,动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。
  We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
  He felt it important learning English well.
  They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.

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